Arthritis is a chronic joint disease that manifests itself in adulthood.The hallmark of this disease is the destruction of cartilage and changes in bone structure.Most often, people over the age of forty are exposed to various types of arthrosis, but today it is increasingly found in the younger generation.
Cause of disease
The main cause of arthrosis is age-related changes.Over time, bones and ligaments become weak, less vitamins and microelements are supplied, all this has a negative effect on the whole body.According to doctors, every year the symptoms of arthrosis appear earlier and earlier, which is associated with a bad environment, an unbalanced diet, and bad habits.Other factors, conditionally divided into two groups (primary and secondary), also contribute to arthrosis.Among them are:
- Excess body weight leads to pressure on the joints, which contributes to arthrosis and its rapid development.
- Hard working conditions that put pressure on the joints.Miners, metallurgists, masons and others are at risk.
- Disorders in the function of the endocrine system.
- Recurrent joint injuries.
- Hereditary tendency.
Common causes of the secondary type include injuries, autoimmune diseases, blood instability, inflammatory processes in the joints, hormonal disorders, impaired blood supply, hypothermia and others.Osteoarthritis is promoted by constant pressure on the hands, playing professional sports, arthritis, and congenital disorders in the joint structure.
Disease symptoms
The development of arthrosis occurs gradually.At first, there are no signs of its presence in the body.Crunching in the joints becomes the first symptom, therefore it is worth paying attention to the damage.The pain syndrome is absent or manifests itself in a weak form without clear localization.Gradually, stiffness in the joints appears, the nature of the pain becomes brighter and more intense.Often, the symptoms of the disease appear after a long period of rest or heavy physical work.
Arthrosis is indicated by morning stiffness, but after light exercise it disappears.Gradually, the picture is complemented by night pain and the reaction of the joints "against the weather."Buzzing sound is always heard, movement is hindered and painful.Patients often complain of uncomfortable sensations in the back and spine;it is difficult for them to find a comfortable position during sleep, because movement is accompanied by spasms and pain.Acute attacks are replaced by periods of relief, but then the symptoms return.
Type and degree of disease
Doctors distinguish four degrees of arthrosis.The first degree of danger is the absence or little pain.Even with a medical examination, it is not always possible to diagnose this disease.Palpation of the area gives good results;in this case, an experienced doctor will detect slight changes in the area of the damaged joint.This stage is characterized by a satisfactory condition of the patient;any symptoms of pain are due to weather conditions or fatigue.
The second stage shows itself with significant symptoms.The pain syndrome becomes stronger, but still tolerable.At this stage, joint destruction and the appearance of osteophytes begin.Fatigue and general lethargy are now a constant companion of patients.At this stage, it is important to recognize and start treating arthrosis in time with special drugs.
With arthrosis of the third degree, the cartilage is significantly thinned, a widespread focus of destruction appears, and tissue nutrition is disturbed.Multiple osteophytes can be seen with the naked eye, and severe deformation is observed.
Fourth degree arthrosis is characterized by severe changes and deformations.No shared space.
Diagnostic and treatment measures
Treatment of arthrosis is impossible without making a diagnosis.A rheumatologist is involved in this.
The first stage involves gathering information from the patient.Experts ask about the time of onset of the first symptoms, the nature and location of the pain, and determine the relevant factors.The following diagnostic steps before treating arthrosis include:
- X-rays are the main diagnostic method.
- Joint puncture to determine the degree of change.
- Biopsy - determines the condition of the joint at the time of examination.
Blood tests and some additional examinations are also required.
The necessary treatment regimen for arthrosis is selected based on the information received and the results of laboratory tests.Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to defeat arthrosis in the final stages.But a regular course of medication and prevention will help patients improve their quality of life.
In other cases, the treatment of arthrosis consists of a set of steps and depends on the stage of development of the disease.Possible treatments:
- Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, injections and recovery drugs.
- Sanatorium-resort procedure.
- Massage and physical therapy.
- Electrophoresis, etc.
Along with the basic treatment regimen for arthrosis, it is recommended to adjust your diet, lose weight and reduce physical activity.
In some cases, folk remedies are used to treat arthrosis, but only as prescribed by a specialist.At home, during treatment you can use ointments, gels, herbs prescribed by your doctor.In severe cases, surgical methods are used to treat arthrosis.Depending on the stage of the disease, the damaged area is replaced with an analogue.This helps restore mobility and relieve pain.
Preventive measures
Any disease is easier to prevent than to treat.Following simple rules and regular check-ups will help reduce the chances of developing various types of arthrosis.
It is recommended to avoid excessive exercise, but do not forget about preventive sports.It is better to choose soft sports as a sport.Walking, swimming and light jogging are ideal.It is worth giving up bad habits and leading a healthy lifestyle.If you are overweight, adjust your diet and include foods rich in vitamins and minerals in your diet.If you have problems with the endocrine system, do not ignore treatment, but visit an endocrinologist.